[Updates below]
Reuters: Property can be taken for development-Supreme Court
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A divided U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Thursday that a city can take a person's home for a development project aimed at revitalizing a depressed local economy, a decision that could have nationwide impact.
By a 5-4 vote, the high court upheld a ruling that New London, Connecticut, can seize the homes and businesses owned by seven families for a development project that will complement a nearby research facility by the Pfizer Inc. drug company.
Under the U.S. Constitution, governments can take private property through their so-called eminent domain powers in exchange for just compensation, but only when it is for public use.
Justice John Paul Stevens wrote for the court majority that the city's proposed disposition of the property at issue qualified as a "public use" under the Constitution.
He said the city's determination that the area was sufficiently distressed to justify a program of economic rejuvenation was entitled to deference.
The decision affecting individual property rights could have broad impact. The issue has arisen across the nation as cities have sought new ways to promote growth and create jobs in depressed areas.
The Supreme Court's last major ruling on using eminent domain for private development was in 1954, when it upheld the taking of property to eliminate slums or blight after finding that such condemnations constituted a public use.
The decision was a victory for New London, which argued that because the development will create jobs, increase tax revenues and help the local economy, it satisfied the Constitution's public-use requirement.
The residents opposed the plans to raze their homes and businesses to clear the way for a riverfront hotel, health club and offices. They argued that it amounted to an unconstitutional taking of their property.
Stevens said the proposal by the families that the court adopt a bright-line rule that economic development does not qualify as a public use is supported by neither precedent nor logic.
He said promoting economic development is a traditional and long-accepted government function.
Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justices Sandra Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas dissented.
© Reuters 2005. All Rights Reserved.
This is the formal stamp of approval on the merger of what were once "private" businesses and the state. I don't know which one angers me more: the companies that pushed for this or the governments that championed it.
The AP via The San Francisco Chronicle: Supreme Court Rules Cities May Seize Homes
Supreme Court Rules Cities May Seize Homes
By HOPE YEN, Associated Press Writer
Thursday, June 23, 2005
A divided Supreme Court ruled Thursday that local governments may seize people's homes and businesses against their will for private development in a decision anxiously awaited in communities where economic growth often is at war with individual property rights.
The 5-4 ruling - assailed by dissenting Justice Sanday Day O'Connor as handing "disproportionate influence and power" to the well-heeled in America - was a defeat for some Connecticut residents whose homes are slated for destruction to make room for an office complex. They had argued that cities have no right to take their land except for projects with a clear public use, such as roads or schools, or to revitalize blighted areas.
As a result, cities now have wide power to bulldoze residences for projects such as shopping malls and hotel complexes in order to generate tax revenue.
Writing for the court, Justice John Paul Stevens said local officials, not federal judges, know best in deciding whether a development project will benefit the community. States are within their rights to pass additional laws restricting condemnations if residents are overly burdened, he said.
"The city has carefully formulated an economic development that it believes will provide appreciable benefits to the community, including - but by no means limited to - new jobs and increased tax revenue," Stevens wrote in an opinion joined by Justice Anthony Kennedy, David H. Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen G. Breyer.
Right there. You see it? It's the modern-day justification for slavery. It's the mental disease that's killing humanity.
"It is not for the courts to oversee the choice of the boundary line nor to sit in review on the size of a particular project area," he said.
O'Connor, who has often been a key swing vote at the court, issued a stinging dissent, arguing that cities should not have unlimited authority to uproot families, even if they are provided compensation, simply to accommodate wealthy developers.
"Any property may now be taken for the benefit of another private party, but the fallout from this decision will not be random," she wrote. "The beneficiaries are likely to be those citizens with disproportionate influence and power in the political process, including large corporations and development firms."
The Parasitic Class wins again.
Connecticut residents involved in the lawsuit expressed dismay and pledged to keep fighting.
"It's a little shocking to believe you can lose your home in this country," said resident Bill Von Winkle, who said he would refuse to leave his home, even if bulldozers showed up. "I won't be going anywhere. Not my house. This is definitely not the last word."
Bill Von Winkle, I hope it doesn't come down to this, but if it does, you have every right to shoot the bastards who try.
Scott Bullock, an attorney for the Institute for Justice representing the families, added: "A narrow majority of the court simply got the law wrong today and our Constitution and country will suffer as a result."
Mr. Bullock, the Constitution is part of the problem, not part of the solution.
At issue was the scope of the Fifth Amendment, which allows governments to take private property through eminent domain if the land is for "public use."
Susette Kelo and several other homeowners in a working-class neighborhood in New London, Conn., filed suit after city officials announced plans to raze their homes for a riverfront hotel, health club and offices.
New London officials countered that the private development plans served a public purpose of boosting economic growth that outweighed the homeowners' property rights, even if the area wasn't blighted.
"We're pleased," attorney Edward O'Connell, who represents New London Development Corporation, said in response to the ruling.
You're also a proxy for theft and assault, you fucks.
The lower courts had been divided on the issue, with many allowing a taking only if it eliminates blight.
O'Connor was joined in her opinion by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, as well as Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas.
Nationwide, more than 10,000 properties were threatened or condemned in recent years, according to the Institute for Justice, a Washington public interest law firm representing the New London homeowners.
New London, a town of less than 26,000, once was a center of the whaling industry and later became a manufacturing hub. More recently the city has suffered the kind of economic woes afflicting urban areas across the country, with losses of residents and jobs.
The New London neighborhood that will be swept away includes Victorian-era houses and small businesses that in some instances have been owned by several generations of families. Among the New London residents in the case is a couple in their 80s who have lived in the same home for more than 50 years.
City officials envision a commercial development that would attract tourists to the Thames riverfront, complementing an adjoining Pfizer Corp. research center and a proposed Coast Guard museum.
New London was backed in its appeal by the National League of Cities, which argued that a city's eminent domain power was critical to spurring urban renewal with development projects such Baltimore's Inner Harbor and Kansas City's Kansas Speedway.
Under the ruling, residents still will be entitled to "just compensation" for their homes as provided under the Fifth Amendment. However, Kelo and the other homeowners had refused to move at any price, calling it an unjustified taking of their property.
Exactly. There cannot be a just price if one party is coerced into dealing with others.
The case was one of six resolved by justices on Thursday. Still pending at the high court are cases dealing with the constitutionality of government Ten Commandments displays and the liability of Internet file-sharing services for clients' illegal swapping of copyrighted songs and movies. The Supreme Court next meets on Monday.
The case is Kelo et al v. City of New London, 04-108.
©2005 Associated Press
As for the Supreme Court, it has proven without a doubt to be more of an enemy to individual liberty than a friend. It has, once again, held that the "community" is more important than the person.
Things are getting worse. This is merely the latest legal cover for those doing the crimes.
Government can steal your income through taxation. It can outlaw and regulate any human activity provided it has the possibility of being "interstate commerce." It can take your property away because it wants to give it to others who'll "expand the tax base."
America, a shining cesspool of statist bullshit, wins again.
UPDATED 2:35pm
Other reactions around the Internet:
Julian Sanchez:
Now that the "liberal" justices on the court have sided with the drug warriors against cancer patients, and with a plan to rob people of their homes for the benefit of wealthy developers, will some court-watchers on the left begin to question the wisdom of having let economic freedom become the red-headed stepchild of modern jurisprudence?
[...]
...we're just seeing a particularly outrageous confirmation of what was already, in effect, the law. As the majority opinion says, quoting an earlier decision, the "Court long ago rejected any literal requirement that condemned property be put into use for the ... public." Which is to say, they've rejected the notion that "public use" means anything more stringent than: "legislators want to do this."
Stephan Kinsella:
Had I been Justice, I would have refused to overturn the state law--although I agree it is a taking for private use--because the federal Constitution primarily limits the feds and not the states, because the Fifth Amendment does not limit the states, and the Fourteenth Amendment--neither its Due Process clause nor its Privlieges or Immunities clause--meant to "incorporate" the substantive provisions of the Bill of Rights. So the liberal majority got it right in its conclusion, but not its reasoning; and the conservative dissenters were right about the analysis of the Takings Clause itself but failed to recognize that it should not be applied to the states in the first place.
Ah, lawyers.
Doug Allen:
Today we find an unfortunate ruling by the Surpeme Court blessing personal property grabs.
Will Collier:
This is a dreadful decision. If politicians have the right to take your private property and give it to somebody else just because the other guy claims that he can generate more taxes from it, then property rights have ceased to exist in the US.
Where the fuck have you been, Mr. Collier? Your advocacy of a taxpayer-supported military
all by itself is enough to dismiss any real concerns you might have with property rights.
Kevin Baker:
Bill Von Winkle now has three choices: Submit, go to jail, or die. His legal options are finished.
And still this isn't the straw that will break the camel's back.
But it ought to be.
SayUncle:
Today, I am ashamed of my country, my government, and the legal system (we don’t have a justice system).
Radley Balko:
This was the worst Supreme Court term for the cause of liberty in a very long time.
It's hard to express how disappointing the last few months have been.
Glenn Reynolds:
OUR STATIST SUPREME COURT STRIKES AGAIN: They've had quite a run lately.
I'm witholding comment regarding the
rank hypocrisy of Instapundit bitching about statism for another day.
Eugene Volokh:
Setting aside who's right, I thought the majority and the two dissents were really very well-crafted -- readable and persuasive arguments in favor of the positions they were defending.
"Look! The police squad sent to storm my house is
so attractively dressed!"
Arguing with Signposts:
For this you can thank proto-fascists John Paul Stevens, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Stephen Breyer and Ruth Ginsburg. They just gave the keys to your home to any developer who can throw enough silly money at local city officials.
They've been fingering your keys for some time. The above blogger has a large list of linked, mostly conservo-libertarian reactions.
Hoyapaul at DailyKos:
As first glace, you may think that giving private homeowner property to a private corporations is a bad thing. And it very well might be in many cases. However, if the Court had ruled differently and NOT allowed local governments to do this, it would have been a disaster for local governments to build for the community (including when the purpose is to help the environment, build affordable housing, create jobs, etc.). It would have sacrificed needed community power at the hands of the sort of property-rights extremism frequently displayed by right-wing libertarian types.
odum at DailyKos:
It is a perfect example of what I fear, anyway. And it is now the gold standard of acceptability the next time Wal-Mart decides it could bring in more tax revenue for my town than my silly little home that my kids are growing up in does. The precedent is there, and its as horrific a decision as any Supreme Court has ever handed down.
And people will notice. They will talk. They will be scared.
And it will be very easy to make them scared of liberals and go running back back to Karl and George for shelter, just like every other time they get scared. All we can do is, as loudly as possible, let them know how scared we are as well, and that we're not going to take this illiberal decision lying down either.
ChicagoDem at DailyKos:
I'm sorry but this is corporate welfare at its most egregious. I mean it's one thing to give a corporation tax breaks, subsidies, and flat out giveaways, but to let them come into your community and kick normal Americans out of their homes? This sinks corporate government to a brand new low. It's a policy that's emblematic of the new merger of business and politics, producing a lack of civil liberties that is ironically reminiscent of the old Soviet Union. Like the bankruptcy bill, it subordinates the rights of the people to the profit motive of the corporate class. Private property rights are paramount, remember that? Wasn't that a huge reason offered for the Cold War? And yet here we are, with corporations being given the right to dictate where citizens should be removed from their own homes.
AdmiralNaismith at DailyKos:
The "moderate" wing of the Supreme Court has just perpetrated an act of fascism. And SCALIA of all people has dissented.
Scott Lemieux at Ezra Klein's blog:
For reasons I have discussed previously, I believe this was a good decision.
Crooks and Liars:
Just another fine example of the new ownership society that President Bush's led America is all about. Corporate ownership I mean. Hell.. they need your house for that new parking lot. You're hurting America if you don't want to give it up. Traitors!
Buzzflash:
Supreme Court Says You Lose, Corporate America Wins; local governments may seize people's homes and businesses against their will for private development. Take my home for a strip mall? Against my will? This is not a wise move.
nymole at The Agonist:
This is truly an outrageous decision. Governments simply cannot take private property and give it to developers.
It's time for a pint of the heavy stuff.
UPDATED 8/17/2005 10:40am
There's been some developments and I'm about to be all out of fucking gaskets to blow.
Via Hit & Run, the Fairfield County Weekly's Jonathan O'Connell has this article: A New (London) Low
Those who believe in the adage "when it rains, it pours" might take the tale of the plaintiffs in Kelo v. New London as a cue to buy two of every animal and a load of wood from Home Depot. The U.S. Supreme Court recently found that the city's original seizure of private property was constitutional under the principal of eminent domain, and now New London is claiming that the affected homeowners were living on city land for the duration of the lawsuit and owe back rent. It's a new definition of chutzpah: Confiscate land and charge back rent for the years the owners fought confiscation.
In some cases, their debt could amount to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Moreover, the homeowners are being offered buyouts based on the market rate as it was in 2000.
[...]
The New London Development Corp., the semi-public organization hired by the city to facilitate the deal, is offering residents the market rate as it was in 2000, as state law requires. That rate pales in comparison to what the units are now worth, owing largely to the relentless housing bubble that has yet to burst.
[...]
In June 2004, NLDC sent the seven affected residents a letter indicating that after the completion of the case, the city would expect to receive retroactive "use and occupancy" payments (also known as "rent") from the residents.
In the letter, lawyers argued that because the takeover took place in 2000, the residents had been living on city property for nearly five years, and would therefore owe rent for the duration of their stay at the close of the trial. Any money made from tenantssome residents' only form of incomewould also have to be paid to the city.
[...]
An NLDC estimate assessed Dery for $6,100 per month since the takeover, a debt of more than $300K. One of his neighbors, case namesake Susette Kelo, who owns a single-family house with her husband, learned she would owe in the ballpark of 57 grand. "I'd leave here broke," says Kelo.
Copyright © 1995-2005 New Mass Media. All rights reserved.
Wars have been fought over fascism like this. A war
ought to be fought over fascism like this.
McCracken on Eminent Domain
When Property Rights Advocates, Aren't